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Marine Science: Marine Biology and Oceanography

98 articles

The Nature of Science: An Introduction

Int.1 History Is Written in Rocks

Int.2 Walter’s Journey Begins

Int.3 The K/Pg Boundary

Int.4 The Alvarez Hypothesis

Int.5 Gathering Evidence and Drawing Conclusions

Chapter 1: Exploring the Oceans

1.1 What Happened to the “Unsinkable” Ship?

1.2 Who Were the Early Ocean Explorers?

1.3 What Started Scientific Exploration of the Oceans?

1.4 How Have People Explored Inner Space?

1.5 How Did Researchers Find the Titanic?

Chapter 2: The Practice of Science

2.1 How Do Scientists Conduct Investigations?

2.2 How Do Engineers Solve Problems?

2.3 What Are Some Tools of Marine Science?

2.4 How Can You View the Ocean’s Tiny Life-Forms?

2.5 How Do Scientists Present Their Findings?

Chapter 3: Marine Science and Technology

3.1 How Are Satellites Used to Monitor the Ocean?

3.2 How Can Engineering Solve Problems in the Marine Environment?

3.3 How Is Marine Technology Used in Exploring the Ocean?

3.4 How Is Marine Science Part of the Popular Culture?

Chapter 4: Unicellular Marine Organisms

4.1 How Are Marine Organisms Classified?

4.2 What Are Bacteria?

4.3 What Are Diatoms?

4.4 What Are Dinoflagellates?

4.5 How Do Populations Change Over Time?

Chapter 5: Marine Algae and Plants

5.1 How Are Marine Algae Adapted to Their Environment?

5.2 How Are Beach Plants Adapted to Live on the Shore?

5.3 What Role Do Marine Grasses Play in the Ocean?

5.4 How Are Mangrove Trees Adapted to a Marine Environment?

Chapter 6: Simple Marine Animals

6.1 How Do Animals Satisfy Their Nutritional Needs?

6.2 What Kinds of Zooplankton Are Found in the Sea?

6.3 How Do Protozoans Carry Out Their Life Functions?

6.4 What Are the Adaptations of Sponges, Rotifers, and Bryozoans?

Chapter 7: Cnidarians

7.1 How Are Jellyfish Adapted to Their Environment?

7.2 How Are Sea Anemones Adapted to Their Environment?

7.3 How Do Corals Carry Out Their Life Functions?

7.4 How Are Hydroids Adapted to Their Environment?

Chapter 8: Marine Worms

8.1 How Are Flatworms and Ribbon Worms Adapted to Their Environment?

8.2 How Do Roundworms and Segmented Worms Carry Out Their Life Functions?

8.3 What Are the Characteristics of Giant Tube Worms and Arrow Worms?

Chapter 9: Mollusks

9.1 How Are Bivalves Adapted to Their Environment?

9.2 How Do Gastropods Carry Out Their Life Functions?

9.3 How Are Cephalopods Adapted to Their Environment?

9.4 What Are Some Other Types of Mollusks?

Chapter 10: Crustaceans

10.1 How Are Lobsters and Other Crustaceans Adapted to Their Environment?

10.2 What Are the Characteristics and Adaptations of Crabs?

10.3 The Diverse Crustaceans: What Are Some Other Types?

10.4 How Diverse Are the Marine Arthropods?

Chapter 11: Echinoderms

11.1 How Diverse Are the “Stars” of the Sea?

11.2 How Do Sea Stars Carry Out Their Life Functions?

11.3 How Are Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars Adapted to Their Environment?

11.4 What Are Some Other Kinds of Eccentric Echinoderms?

Chapter 12: Marine Fishes

12.1 What Are the Features of Protochordates and Jawless Fishes?

12.2 How Do Cartilaginous Fishes Carry Out Their Life Functions?

12.3 How Are the Bony Fishes Adapted to Their Environment?

12.4 What Are Some Unusual Adaptations Among Fish?

Chapter 13: Marine Reptiles and Birds

13.1 How Are Marine Reptiles Adapted to Their Environment?

13.2 How Are Marine Birds Adapted to Their Environment?

Chapter 14: Marine Mammals

14.1 How Diverse Are the Whales and Dolphins?

14.2 How Are Whales Adapted to Their Environment?

14.3 What Are the Characteristics of Other Marine Mammals?

14.4 What Is the Diving Reflex?

Chapter 15: The World of Water

15.1 Why Is Earth Called a Water Planet?

15.2 What Is the Planet’s Water Budget?

15.3 Why Is Water Chemistry So Important?

15.4 What Do We Know About the Salty Sea?

Chapter 16: Geology of the Ocean

16.1 How Did the Ocean and Continents Form?

16.2 What Is the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

16.3 What Do We Know About Seafloor Topography?

16.4 What Are Some Features of Coasts and Reefs?

Chapter 17: Climate and the Ocean

17.1 How Does Temperature Vary Over Earth’s Surface?

17.2 What Are the Interactions in Earth’s Layers?

17.3 What Kinds of Weather Occur Over the Ocean?

17.4 What Is the Greenhouse Effect and Its Impact?

Chapter 18: Temperature and Pressure

18.1 What Do We Know About Heat in the Ocean?

18.2 How Does Temperature Vary in the Ocean?

Chapter 19: Light and Sound in the Sea

19.1 How Does Light Interact with Water?

19.2 How Do Light and Life Interact in the Sea?

19.3 What Is Known About Sound in the Sea?

Chapter 20: Tides, Waves, and Currents

20.1 How Do the Tides Affect the Ocean?

20.2 What Are the Characteristics of Ocean Waves?

20.3 What Are the Features of Ocean Currents?

Chapter 21: Marine Environments

21.1 What Are the Features of the Marine Life Zones?

21.3 How Do Organisms Interact with the Rocky Coast Environment?

21.2 What Are the Characteristics of the Sandy Beach Environment?

21.4 What Are the Features of the Estuary Environment?

21.5 How Do Organisms Adapt to the Coral Reef Environment?

21.6 What Are Some Extreme Marine Environments?

Chapter 22: Interdependence in the Sea

22.1 What Natural Cycles Occur in the Ocean?

22.2 What Food Relationships Occur in the Sea?

22.3 How Do Symbiotic Relationships Occur in the Sea?

22.4 How Does Succession Occur in Marine Environments?

Chapter 23: Pollution in the Ocean

23.1 What Is the Impact of Sewage on the Ocean?

23.2 What Toxic Substances Are in the Marine Environment?

23.3 What Causes Changes in Ocean Water Chemistry?

23.5 What Are Some Solutions to Marine Pollution?

Chapter 24: Conservation of Resources

24.1 What Are Some Marine Resources?

24.2 How Can We Farm the Sea?

24.3 How Can We Protect Marine Animals?